Magali Toriti
L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, HISTOIRE, Department Member
- History, Archaeology, Research Methodology, History of Science, Cultural History, Anthracology, and 10 moreWooden Architecture, Protohistory, Protohistoire, Société Gauloise, Oppida, Charcoal analysis (Archaeology), Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, Palaeoecology, Archaeobotany, and Archeologieedit
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Programme du colloque - XIIe Rencontres nationales d'Archéobotanique (7-10 juin 2017, Perpignan)more
by Jerome Ros, Julian Wiethold, alexandra hanry, Marta Alcolea, Toulemonde Françoise, Claire Delhon, Malebogo Seone, Manuel Ariza, Geneviève Daoulas, Sammy Ben Makhad, Sidonie Preiss, Magali Toriti, Alizée Capit, Caroline Schaal, Malebogo Mvimi, Emmanuelle Bonnaire, Emilie DELBOIS, and Marion Connan
Ce recueil présente le programme des 12e Rencontres nationales d’Archéobotanique (Perpignan, 7-10 juin 2017). Il s’articule autour de 4 thématiques. La première, à visée méthodologique, présente les dernières avancées de la recherche en... more
Ce recueil présente le programme des 12e Rencontres nationales d’Archéobotanique (Perpignan, 7-10 juin 2017). Il s’articule autour de 4 thématiques. La première, à visée méthodologique, présente les dernières avancées de la recherche en matière de protocoles d’études et les nouvelles problématiques abordables grâce à leur développement. La deuxième porte sur l’exploitation des ressources végétales par les sociétés agro-pastorales durant la Préhistoire récente (Mésolithique-Néolithique). La troisième vise à étudier les pratiques alimentaires et, plus généralement, l’économie végétale, de la fin de la Protohistoire au bas Moyen Âge. Enfin, la quatrième porte spécifiquement sur des études réalisées en contextes urbains, et vise à mettre en évidence les pratiques et ressources propres à ces secteurs.Ces nombreuses contributions témoignent du dynamisme actuel connu par l’archéobotanique et de son rôle de premier plan pour documenter l’alimentation, les pratiques agropastorales et l’économie végétale des sociétés anciennes.
Research Interests:
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During Historical times, fire was one of the main energy used for industry, craft and domestic activities. For the past 30 years, anthracological analyses were realized in Mediterranean France on nearly 80 ancient, medieval and modern... more
During Historical times, fire was one of the main energy used for industry, craft and domestic activities. For the past 30 years, anthracological analyses were realized in Mediterranean France on nearly 80 ancient, medieval and modern sites. If several activities are now well documented (charcoal and lime burning, pottery, cremation), no global approach has been attempted so
far. An inventory was realized, based on a broad range of activities (ceramic, charcoal, lime, vegetal exudates, food, metal, glass, textiles, leathers, soap, salt, plaster) gathered in a same data basis. In order to understand phenomenon of rupture and continuity of the practices, the corpus comprises a chronology going from the Romanization to the Industrial Revolution. Craft and industry constitute the major part of the corpus. This work raises new questions. Currently, archaeologists aim to link the use of fuel with
the type of products made (ceramic, lime, glass, etc.). Also, they affirm that some taxa have a calorific value more important than others, and that craftsmen used to chose the fuel regarding its specific properties. Nonetheless, our research proves that these ideas are not representative of past practices. For this reason, we propose a new approach which takes into account the
constraint imposed by thermic and technical necessities (i.e. concentration of fire, or, on the contrary, circulation of fire in the kilns). Indeed, the choice of fuel does not always rely on the choice of a taxa for itself but on other criteria such as morphology, caliber, humidity level, etc. Furthermore, we propose a different interpretation of anthracological data. Generally, anthracologists
consider that their data only reflect the choice of the craftsmen and the ecological constraints. But it appears that the role of land/forest owners, who managed the fuel resources, has never really been discussed or taken into account. This communication will propose a first discussion on the subject. Studies of multi-craft sites will be presented, as well as examples of “gestion sur pied”
(distribution of elements coming from a same tree in order to fuel different activities). Recent methodological developments will be introduced, such as the restitution of calibers, or the observation of tools marks, bringing information on the preparation of the fuel. By crossing anthracological data with medieval and modern texts, a socio-professional approach of the preparation of the fuel will also be possible. At last, the energetic transition towards the use of fossil charcoal will also be attempted.
far. An inventory was realized, based on a broad range of activities (ceramic, charcoal, lime, vegetal exudates, food, metal, glass, textiles, leathers, soap, salt, plaster) gathered in a same data basis. In order to understand phenomenon of rupture and continuity of the practices, the corpus comprises a chronology going from the Romanization to the Industrial Revolution. Craft and industry constitute the major part of the corpus. This work raises new questions. Currently, archaeologists aim to link the use of fuel with
the type of products made (ceramic, lime, glass, etc.). Also, they affirm that some taxa have a calorific value more important than others, and that craftsmen used to chose the fuel regarding its specific properties. Nonetheless, our research proves that these ideas are not representative of past practices. For this reason, we propose a new approach which takes into account the
constraint imposed by thermic and technical necessities (i.e. concentration of fire, or, on the contrary, circulation of fire in the kilns). Indeed, the choice of fuel does not always rely on the choice of a taxa for itself but on other criteria such as morphology, caliber, humidity level, etc. Furthermore, we propose a different interpretation of anthracological data. Generally, anthracologists
consider that their data only reflect the choice of the craftsmen and the ecological constraints. But it appears that the role of land/forest owners, who managed the fuel resources, has never really been discussed or taken into account. This communication will propose a first discussion on the subject. Studies of multi-craft sites will be presented, as well as examples of “gestion sur pied”
(distribution of elements coming from a same tree in order to fuel different activities). Recent methodological developments will be introduced, such as the restitution of calibers, or the observation of tools marks, bringing information on the preparation of the fuel. By crossing anthracological data with medieval and modern texts, a socio-professional approach of the preparation of the fuel will also be possible. At last, the energetic transition towards the use of fossil charcoal will also be attempted.
Publication Date: 2016
Publication Name: 22nd Annual meeting of European Association of Archaeology, Vilnius, 31st August-4th September 2016
Research Interests:
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Publication Date: 2017
Publication Name: 12e Rencontres d’archéobotanique, Perpignan, 7-10 juin 2017
Research Interests:
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Le site de "Champ Roche", d'une superficie avoisinant 4,5 hectares, est situé à 5 km du centre historique de Clermont-Ferrand (63). Il se trouve sur la bordure ouest du bassin d'effondrement tertiaire de la Limagne, à une altitude variant... more
Le site de "Champ Roche", d'une superficie avoisinant 4,5 hectares, est situé à 5 km du centre historique de Clermont-Ferrand (63). Il se trouve sur la bordure ouest du bassin d'effondrement tertiaire de la Limagne, à une altitude variant entre 330 et 335m NGF. Cette opération a été réalisée en préalable aux travaux d’aménagement de la ZAC des Montels III conduits par la SEAU. L'opération de fouilles a permis la découverte de vestiges se rapportant à un petit sanctuaire rural gallo-romain installé en bordure de voie, succédant à un édifice érigé sur poteaux porteurs dès La Tène D2b. Le site de "Champ Roche" a également livré un petit enclos aménagé au cours du iie s. avant notre ère puis abandonné à la transition entre le ie et le iie s. ap. J.-C. Au nord de cet espace a été mis en évidence une vaste zone d’habitat occupée au cours des deux premiers siècles avant notre ère, dans laquelle fut exhumé un buste gaulois, jusque là inédit chez les arvernes. Au Haut-Empire, un ensemble d'habitations romaines prendra place sur la partie occidentale du site, l'hypothèse est celle d'un ensemble de bâtiments se développant de part et d'autre d'un chemin de terre, à la manière d'un village routier. Tandis qu'à l'est, hors emprise, est localisé à peu de distance (100 m) l'ensemble de maçonneries associées à une hypothétique villa équipée d'un balnéaire découverte en 2007 par une équipe de l'Inrap (Pasty 2007).
